TAGALOG LANGUAGE is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world. Although it originated in the Philippines, it contains traces of other languages, such as English and Spanish. In the United States alone, it is one of the most common languages aside from English with an estimated 1.69 million speakers. Tagalog is a language that originated in the Philippine islands. It is the first language of most Filipinos and the second language of most others. More than 50 million Filipinos speak Tagalog in the Philippines, and 24 million people speak the language worldwide. The direct translation of the word Tagalog means, “from the river.” It combines language influences from China, Malaysia, Spain and America. It is the result of the occupation of the Philippines by several other nations.

The origins of this language date back to more than 1,000 years ago. Interestingly, Tagalog has changed throughout the years as various countries have influenced the Philippines.

Examples:
1.)Kumusta Ka? – How are you?
2.)Mahal Kita – I love you
3.)Miss na Kita – I miss you
4.)Sandali lang – Wait a minute
5.) Lumipad ng Mataas Paro-Paro – Fly high butter fly

ENGLISH LANGUAGE is any variety of English native to the Philippines, including those used by the media and the vast majority of educated Filipinos and English learners in the Philippines from adjacent Asian countries. English is taught in schools as one of the two official languages of the country, the other being Filipino (Tagalog). Due to the influx of Filipino English teachers overseas, Philippine English is also becoming the prevalent variety of English being learned in the Far East as taught by Filipino teachers in various Asian countries such as Korea, Japan and Thailand, among others. Due to the highly multilingual nature of the Philippines, code-switching such as Taglish (Tagalog-infused English) and Bislish (English infused with any of the Bisayan languages) is prevalent across domains from casual settings to formal situations.

Examples:
1.)How are you?
2.)Im going to Sleep.
3.)Keep it up
4.)No ID no ENTRY
5.)Don’t touch me

ILOCANO LANGUAGE (spelled ILOKANO in Philippine Orthography with alternate names ILOKO or ILUKO), like all its sister languages, is an Austronesian language of the Philippine type spoken by about ten million people. It is a member of the Cordilleran language family which comprises the following languages of Luzon Island, Philippines.
The original Ilocano homeland is in Northwest Luzon (the provinces of Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Abra, and La Union), but Ilocanos have populated many regions of the Philippines, and in many cases they predominate over the native ethnic group of the new lands to which they migrate. Such is the case in the provinces of Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Tarlac, and Benguet. There are also sizable communities of Ilocanos throughout the United States, most notably in HAWAII and CALIFORNIA where the language is taught in certain schools. Because of the importance of Ilocano in Northern Luzon, it has been called the “National Language of the North.” Many ethnic groups from the northern regions of the country are more at home in their second language, Ilocano, than the national language of the country, Tagalog (Pilipino). This is undoubtedly due to the historical prestige of the language and the accessibility of its speakers. There has been a national language shift, however, in the last few years due to the extensive use of Tagalog in the media and the national program to promote the Pilipino language in elementary and secondary schools. Ilocano remains a regional langauge with no political power or use in education past the early elementary years.

Examples:
1.)Adadtoyakon! – I’m here now!
2.)Nanganakon – I already ate.
3.)Naaramid kon. – I already did it.
4.)Nakaluto akon. – I’m done cooking now.
5.)Rumuarak. – I’m going out

CEBUANO LANGUAGE, also spelled Sebuano, also called Sugbuhanon, member of the Western, or Indonesian, branch of the Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) language family. It was spoken in the early 21st century by roughly 18.5 million people in the Philippines (speakers are spread over eastern Negros, Cebu, Bohol, western Leyte, the Camotes Islands, and the northern and western coasts of Mindanao). Cebuano is closely related to the languages of the Hiligaynon (Ilongo) and Waray-Waray, and it is sometimes grouped with those languages as a dialect of Visayan (Bisayan).Cebuano speakers constitute about one-fifth of the population of the Philippines and are the second largest ethnolinguistic group in the country. Despite its spoken frequency, Cebuano is little used as a literary language, although newspapers and films both use the language.

Examples:
1.)Wala ko sabot – I don’t understand
2.)Hinaya lang og storya – Please speak slowly
3.)Unsay imong ngalan? – What is you name?
4.)Salamat – Thank you
5.)Imo nga balay – Your houseKapampangan, also called Pampango, ethnolinguistic group living in the Philippines, principally in the central plain of Luzon, especially in the province of Pampanga, but also in parts of other adjoining provinces. Kapampangans numbered some two million in the early 21st century. The Kapampangan language is closely related to others of the central Philippines, all of which belong to the Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) family of languages. The Kapampangan homeland, which extends north from Manila Bay, has a relatively high population density. Many Kapampangans are tenant farmers and landless workers. Artists of the group are mostly potters, jewelers, lantern makers, blacksmiths, and wood-carvers. Most Kapampangans are Christians, predominantly Roman Catholics. Philippine opposition leader Benigno Aquino, Jr., and his wife, Corazon Aquino, who was president of the country (1986–92), were ethnic Kapampangans.

Examples:
1.)Magkanu ini? – How much is this?
2.)Mayap a gatpanapun – Good Afternoon
3.)Kaluguran da ka – I love you
4.)Makananu munta keng – How to go to
5.)Nokarin ka munta? – Where are you going?

KAPAMPANGAN LANGUAGE, also called Pampango, ethnolinguistic group living in the Philippines, principally in the central plain of Luzon, especially in the province of Pampanga, but also in parts of other adjoining provinces. Kapampangans numbered some two million in the early 21st century. The Kapampangan language is closely related to others of the central Philippines, all of which belong to the Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) family of languages. The Kapampangan homeland, which extends north from Manila Bay, has a relatively high population density. Many Kapampangans are tenant farmers and landless workers. Artists of the group are mostly potters, jewelers, lantern makers, blacksmiths, and wood-carvers. Most Kapampangans are Christians, predominantly Roman Catholics. Philippine opposition leader Benigno Aquino, Jr., and his wife, Corazon Aquino, who was president of the country (1986–92), were ethnic Kapampangans.

Examples:
1.)Magkanu ini? – How much is this?
2.)Mayap a gatpanapun – Good Afternoon
3.)Kaluguran da ka – I love you
4.)Makananu munta keng – How to go to
5.)Nokarin ka munta? – Where are you going?

CRISPHIN L. CACAO
11-INDEPENDENT(OFFLINE)
EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGY
PERFORMANCE TASK #2

1.)Tagalog is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by the ethnic Tagalog people, who make up a quarter of the population of the Philippines, and as a second language by the majority.Its standardized form, officially named Filipino, is the national language of the Philippines, and is one of two official languages, alongside English.

Tagalog Languange Example:

Mahal Kita = I love you
Kumusta ka = How are you
Nakaraang buwan = Last Month
Susunod na taon = Next year
Aso = Dog

2.)Cebuano also referred to by most of its speakers simply and generically as Binisaya, is an Austronesian language spoken in the southern Philippines. It is spoken by the Visayan ethnolinguistic groups native to the islands of Cebu, Bohol, Siquijor, the eastern half of Negros, the western half of Leyte, and the northern coastal areas of Northern Mindanao and the Zamboanga Peninsula. In modern times, it has also spread to the Davao Region, Cotabato, Camiguin, parts of the Dinagat Islands, and the lowland regions of Caraga; often displacing native languages in those areas (most of which are closely related to Cebuano).

Cebuano Language Example:

How are you? = Kamusta Ka?
Do you speak english?= Kabolo ka mo sulti og english?
A little= Gamay ra
I speak a little Visayan = Makasulti ko gamay
I don’t understand = Wala ko sabot

3.)Hiligaynon, also known as Ilonggo, belongs to the Bisayan group of the Austronesian language family. According to Ethnologue, there are 5,770,000 speakers of the language who live primarily on the island of Panay in the Philippines. Hiligaynon’s closest relatives are Capiznon, Masbatenyo, and Porohanon. Hiligaynon is the fourth largest of the 175 languages spoken in the Philippines.

Hiligaynon Language Example:

Yes = Hu-o
No = Hindi
Maybe = Siguro
I don’t know = Am-bot?
Do you understand? = Kuha mo?

4.)Ilocano, also known as Ilokano and Iloko, is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family. It is the third largest language of the Philippines, after Tagalog and English. The name Ilocano come from i– ‘from’ +looc ‘bay’ + –ano Spanish ‘native of,’ thus ‘people of the bay’.

Ilocano Language Example:

I already ate. = Nanganakon.
Not yet = Haan pay.
Done. = Nalpasen.
I already did it. = Naaramid kon.
I’m done cooking now. = Nakaluto akon.

5.)Central Bikol commonly called Bikol Naga, also known simply as Bikol, is an Austronesian language spoken by the Bicolanos, primarily in the Bicol Region of southern Luzon, Philippines. It is spoken in the northern and western part of Camarines Sur, second congressional district of Camarines Norte, eastern part of Albay, northeastern part of Sorsogon, San Pascual town in Masbate, and southwestern part of Catanduanes. Central Bikol speakers can be found in all provinces of Bicol and it is a majority language in Camarines Sur. The standard sprachraum form is based on the Canaman dialect.

Bikol Language Example:.
Dios mabalos = Thank you Magayon = Beautiful Daragang magayon = Beautiful Girl Namomotan ta ka = I love you
Anong pangaran mo? = What’s your name?

6.)Waray-Waray, also called Waray or Samaran or Samareño, any member of a large ethnolinguistic group of the Philippines, living on Samar, eastern Leyte, and Biliran islands. Numbering roughly 4.2 million in the early 21st century, they speak a Visayan (Bisayan) language of the Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) family.

Waray-Waray Language Example:

Gwapo = Handsome
Maupay nga aga = Good morning
Noon = udto
Hapon = kulop
Nasabut ka hin winaray? = Can you understand waray?

7.)Pangasinan is an Austronesian language belonging to the Philippine branch of Malayo-Polynesian languages, and is most closely related to Ibaloi, which is spoken in the neighboring province of Benguet and Baguio City, and also similar to Tagalog and Iloko.

Pangasinan Language Example:

Narasan kala? = Are you hungry?
Magangana ka. = You’re so beautiful.
Kanto ka unla? = Where are you going?
Ampetang so panaon natan. = The weather today is hot.
Ambetel so panaon natan. = The weather today is cold.

8.)Maguindanao or Maguindanaon is an Austronesian language spoken by a majority of the population of Maguindanao province in the Philippines. It is also spoken by sizable minorities in different parts of Mindanao such as the cities of Zamboanga, Davao, and General Santos, and the provinces of North Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, South Cotabato, Sarangani, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay, as well as Metro Manila. This was the language of the historic Sultanate of Maguindanao, which existed before and during the Spanish colonial period from 1500 to 1888.

Maguindanao Language Example:

Pagali = relative
ipag = sister in law
baba = uncle
Unga = Fruit
bayabas = guava

9.)Kapampangan is an Austronesian language, and one of the eight major languages of the Philippines. It is the primary and predominant language of the entire province of Pampanga and southern Tarlac, on the southern part of Luzon’s central plains geographic region, most of whom belong to the Kapampangan ethnic group. Kapampangan is also spoken in northeastern Bataan, as well as in the municipalities of Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, and Zambales that border Pampanga. It is further spoken as a second language by a few Aeta groups in the southern part of Central Luzon.The language is known honorifically as Amánung Sísuan (“breastfed, or nurtured, language”)

Kapampangan Language Example:

Mayap a abak = Good morning
Mayap a gatpanapun = Good afternoon
Mayap a bengi = Good evening
Komusta ka? = How are you?
panapaya mu ku = Excuse Me

10.)Aklanon (Akeanon), also known as Bisaya/Binisaya nga Aklanon/Inaklanon or simply Aklan, is an Austronesian language of the Bisayan subgroup spoken by the Aklanon people in the province of Aklan on the island of Panay in the Philippines. Its unique feature among other Bisayan languages is the close-mid back unrounded vowel occurring as part of diphthongs and traditionally written with the letter ⟨Ee⟩ such as in the autonyms Akean and Akeanon. However, this phoneme is also present in other but geographically scattered and distant Philippine languages, namely Itbayat, Isneg, Manobo, Samal and Sagada.

Aklanon Language Example:

Mayad man = Fine
Ano pange-an mo? = What’s your name?
Hin-uno? = When?
Saeamat = Thank you
Hu-o = Yes

CRISPHIN L. CACAO
11-INDEPENDENT (OFFLINE)
EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGY

PERFORMANCE TASK #1
MARCH 22,2022